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The game consists of a series of hands. The first hand is played with
2 dealt to each player. Each successive hand is played with one more
card up to and including the maximum hand size. Then each player
deals a hand of no-trump. Then the maximum hand size is played again
with trump. Then max - 1. Continue playing subsequent hands
with one less card until you've played a hand with only two cards.
The game is now over.
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The hook is that at least one player will fail on each hand, because the total number of tricks bid by the players is not allowed to equal the number of tricks available on that hand.
The cards are shuffled and cut and the dealer deals the cards singly
until everyone has the appropriate number of cards for the hand being played.
The next card is turned face up and the suit of this card is the trump
suit for the hand. The trump suit beats any of the other three suits played
in that hand. The remaining undealt cards are placed in a face down stack
with the turned trump on top of it.
In case of a tie after the last hand, deal another hand(s) at that number of cards until a clear winner is determined. Any player can win until the end!
Sequence of Hands
There are a lot of variations of this. Some people start from 1 card each, go up to the maximum number of cards and then back down to 1. Some just go from the maximum down to 1 and then stop, or vice versa. If there are four people the maximum number of cards dealt may be 13 rather than 10. Some people go up to some other maximum, such as 7 cards.
Dan Strohm describes a version, called Devil's Bridge, in which the hand size increases and then decreases. On the final 1 card hand, the players must each hold their card on their forehead, so each player can see all the other player's cards but not their own.
Bryce Francis reports that in Australia, when playing Bust with 5 players, they add 13 low cards from a second pack to make a 65 card pack, so as to deal 13 cards each on the first hand as with 4 players. When there are six players they add a further 13 low cards, so that the bottom half of the pack is duplicated. If duplicate cards are played to a trick, the second played beats the first.
Determining Trumps
Instead of turning up a card, some people go through the possible trump suits in a fixed sequence. This sequence may or may not include "no trumps".
Brad Wilson describes a version called "Oh **i*!" in which Spades are always trumps.
Jean-Pierre Coulon reports a variation in which after the appropriate number of cards have been dealt to the players, the next card is turned face up. If the rank of the turned up card is from 2 to 6, there are no trumps for the deal; if it is 7 or higher, the suit of the turned up card is trumps.
Bidding
Some people play without the hook rule, so the dealer is allowed to bid in such a way that everyone can win. There was a lively discussion in rec.games.playing-cards as to which version is more skilful, with strong advocates of each. Some think that hands where the bids add up are too easy; but others say that forcing the bids not to add up removes a tactical option from the dealer.
Adam Beneschan describes a variation with simultaneous bidding. When the players are ready to bid, they put a fist on the table. When everyone's fist is out, the group says "One, Two, Three" while bouncing their fists on the table. On Three, everyone must stick out some number of fingers (possibly zero) to indicate how many tricks they will try to take. Of course, with this method, there's no restriction against the total number of bid tricks being equal to the number of cards dealt. Since players cannot adjust their bids based on the other players' bids, the total tricks bid can be wildly different from the tricks available - for example it is not uncommon for three or four players to bid "one" when only one card was dealt. Bryce Francis reports that simultaneous bidding is commonly used when playing Bust in Australia.
Play
David Wuori (of Maine, USA) reports a variation in which a player who has no card of the suit led is compelled to trump. Only if you have no cards of the suit led and no trumps can you discard from a different non-trump suit. As far as I know, this version is not widespread.
Scoring
There are many alternative systems.